So, you have 50-1033. I’m not familiar with that as I have the TIU and handheld remote.
With my system, sometimes a loco will not see the watchdog signal and will start up. Rarely (especially if power is briefly interrupted) it will start to run. To regain DCS control, one must push the START UP or SHUT DOWN button.
I attached the manual for your system. Assuming you followed the directions (hooked up right, good batteries in remote, lights on receiver and lock-on are lit), with the engine not on track, aim the remote at the receiver and push the SU/SD button to make sure the receiver light blinks. Now try it with the loco on track and as soon as it starts, try pushing the SU/SD button to see if you regain control with the remote.
It is possible that a wire from the pickup is shorting on the loco frame. I had that happen to me once. If the breaker trips when the loco enters a curve, that would make me lean in this direction. You can remove the shell and see if insulation has worn off any wires. Check for any arc marks. Run it without the shell and see if there are any arcs.
50as10109i_DCS Remote Commander 2017.cdr (mthtrains.com)